A worldwide phenomenon, the modern Olympic Games have captivated audiences for well over a century. Top-tier athletes spend their lives training in hopes of earning the most prestigious medals one can ever be presented. Enthralled spectators tune in all around the globe to witness the spectacle. It’s no surprise that the Olympics have impacted and influenced culture in countless ways.
The Sport’s Genesis
The history of gymnastics is rooted in the strength training performed by young soldiers in ancient Greece. In fact, the name’s origin is based on the ancient Greek word gymnazein, which means “to exercise naked.” As you might assume, singlets and leotards didn’t become standard uniforms until much later!
Today’s form of gymnastics is rooted in 18th- and 19th-century Europe where physical fitness was a fundamental part of being a respected citizen and patriot.
At the time, Friedrich Ludwig Jahn—a Prussian soldier who eventually became known as “the father of modern gymnastics”—viewed France’s invasion as a national embarrassment.
As a means to reinvigorate patriotism, bring unity to his fellow citizens, and inspire the younger generation, he invented a physical fitness practice called Turnen, which included gymnastics equipment and practices still used today, such as the horse, balance beam, rings, parallel bars, and high bars.
Largely fueled by nationalism, the new era of gymnastics spread around the globe as Jahn’s followers, known as Turners, competed while also discussing politics, philosophy, and other intellectual topics.
The Turners eventually established gymnastics-based community centers in the United States, further boosting the sport’s popularity and sealing it as a prominent cultural fixture, not only in the United States, but internationally.
Gymnastics Joins the Modern Olympic Games
Gymnastics continued rising in popularity over the years, eventually leading to the formation of the International Gymnastics Federation in 1881. When Pierre de Coubertin founded the modern Olympic Games in 1896, including gymnastics as an event was non-negotiable.
At the time, only men were allowed to compete. There were 71 athletes and eight events. Germany took first place, followed by Greece and then Switzerland. Each Olympics brought new changes, including splitting into two divisions: rhythmic gymnastics and artistic gymnastics.
Finally, in 1928—following 32 years of men-only Olympic gymnastics events—women were allowed to compete, signifying the beginning of a slow and ongoing cultural shift towards gender equality. In 1935, women’s gymnastics became its own permanent addition to the game’s roster.
Cold War Competition
The popularity of gymnastics diminished throughout the mid 20th century, and the USSR. jumped on the opportunity to invest in the domination of the sport, as Western competitors were few and far between.
True to their plans, the Eastern Bloc emerged victorious in the vast majority of Gymnastics events, even taking 99% of the medals in women’s artistic gymnastics at one point. This overwhelming sweep inspired many Western countries to refocus on their gymnastics teams, once again bringing nationalism to the forefront of the sport.
Throughout the Cold War, Olympic gymnastics followed the rivalry and related global conflicts. In 1980, 66 nations, including the United States, protested the Soviet Union’s invasion of Afghanistan by boycotting the Summer Olympics.
In 1984, the USSR responded with a boycott of their own, presenting USA gymnasts with an opportunity to shine. Among multiple victories, Mary Lou Retton took home the first all-around gold medal, and the men’s gymnastic team won the country’s first gold medal.
Shifts in Visual Presentation
Aesthetically, Olympic gymnastics have held a mirror to the changing times over the years. For example, if you compare modern team USA leotards to the early uniforms, you’ll find that today’s outfits are much more colorful and embellished. Vibrant designs and colorful crystals are now commonplace, reflecting the rise in empowerment, pride, and individuality.
Simone Biles Raises Mental Health Awareness
Widely lauded as one of the most accomplished gymnasts ever to perform, Simone Biles has claimed a staggering 37 Olympic and World Championship medals—including four Olympic gold medals—making her the most decorated gymnast of all time.
Simone Biles has set and broken several world records, received a Presidential Medal of Freedom, and won the Laureus World Sportswoman of the Year three times, among numerous other accomplishments.
Beyond being a driving force in the evolution of the sport, Simone Biles has become a powerful mental health advocate, raising new awareness about the importance of protecting the body and mind and also reaching out for help when struggling. Her message has resonated with gymnasts worldwide, as well as people from all walks of life.
Gymnastics Continues to Impact the World
It’s clear that the sport of gymnastics—in the Olympics and at large—has played a significant role in global culture, and will continue to do so. One can only imagine what the sport’s future holds.
While there have been many changes over the decades, pursuing gymnastics can be an incredibly rewarding endeavor. For many gymnasts, the sport connects physical and mental well-being, so don’t let the negative aspects stand in your way of bringing home the gold and influencing global culture. Follow your dream!
